A paleoscience approach to estimating the effects of climatic warming on salmonid fisheries of the Columbia River basin

نویسندگان

  • James C. Chatters
  • Virginia L. Butler
  • Michael J. Scott
  • David M. Anderson
  • A. Neitzel
چکیده

Efforts to estimate the effect of climate change on fisheries are hampered by the lack of models that ~ject realistic JMluatic habitat conditions at the regional scale. Data from the palcosciences are a suitable alternative both for environmental scenario development and model validation. We are using a paleoscience approach to calculate the potential effect of global warming on anadromous almonid stocks of the Columbia River basin, western North America. First, archaeologically dated fluvial sediments and bivalves were used with terrestrial paleoecological data to reconstruct he flow, flow patterns, temperatures, and bed conditions 6000-7000 yr ago, when paleoclimatic indicators and atmospheric models suggest regional temperatures were up to 2°C warmer. Next, these conditions were imposed on Columbia system subbasins and their effects on salmon stocks were modeled. Results thus far indicate a 3~OO/o decline in salmon stocks relative to current conditions. Finally, fish remains from archaeological sites were analyzed for evidence of actual salmon production under the reconstructed s1ream conditions to assess the validity of model projections. Preliminary findings are comparable to model predictions. Resume: Les efforts visant a estimer les effetS du changement climatique sur les ~ches soot entraves par Ie manque de modeles exprimant des conditions realistes pour les habitats aquatiques a l' echelle regionale. Les donnees des pal60sciencesconstituent une option valable autant pOur l'elaboration de scenarios environnementaux que pour 1a validation des modeles. Nous utilisons la demarche pal60scientifiq~ pour calculer I'effet eventuel du rechauffement global sur les stocks de salmonides anadromes du bassin du tleuve Columbia, dans l'ouest de I' Amerique du Nord. En premier lieu, nous nous sommes servis de sediments tluviaux arcMologiquement dates etde bivalves en plus des donnees paleoecologiques terrestres, pour reconstituer Ie debit, les configurations d'6coulement, les temperatures et les conditions du lit du tleuve it y a 6 ou 7 000 ans, epoque ou les indicateurs paleoclimatiques et les modeles atmosph6rlques permettent de croire que les temperatures regionales etaientjusqu'a 2° C plus chaudes. Par 1a suite, nous avons applique ces conditions sur les sous-bassins du bassin du Columbia et avons modelis6 leurs effets sur les stocks de saumons. Les resultatsjusqu'a,maintenant foot 6tat d'un d6clin de 30 a 60 % des stocks de saumons par rapport aux conditions actuelles. Entin, nous avons analyse les fossiles de poissons de sites arch60logiques pour trouver des preuves de 1a production reelle de saumons selon les conditions reconstituees du tleuve en vue d'6valuer la validite des projections faites avec Ie modele. Les constatations preliminaires sont comparables a celles qui resultent dumedele. WA 99352, USA. I Praent address: North American PaleoScience, 648 SaiIIt Street, Richland, W A 99352, USA. 2 Present addreSS: University Museum. University of Colorado, Boulder,

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تاریخ انتشار 2004